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Dactylorhiza foliosa

November 5, 2017

Other names: Madeira orchid, leafy orchid
Family: Orchidaceae
Origin: Madeira

Description

Dactylorhiza foliosa can grow to 75cm tall. The spike of large magenta-purple flowers typically measures 15-40cm and blooms in early summer.

Its name translates as ‘finger’ (Dactyl) ‘root’ (Rhiza). It is the characteristics of the tubers which gives it this name. A new tuber is produced at the end of the growing season as an appendage to the old tuber. As the flowers fade and set seed, the old tuber withers away. Usually two replacement tubers with short tapering roots (resembling fingers) appear. The roots grow during winter and by spring they measure around 24cm.

How to grow

D. foliosa will grow well in a range of situations, from semi-shade to full sun. Success is dependent on the moisture supply increasing accordingly.

To grow in pots, try equal quantities John Innes No.3, grit and multi-purpose, humus-rich soil. Repot each year as the flowers are just going over (July) or in March as they are growing back.

In the open garden, replanting is best done in July when the risk of root damage is minimal. Lift the plant, shake off and twist the new tubers off from the old. Plant the tubers with the tip just beneath the surface and top off with a little grit.

Tip: Deadhead the old plant and replant as occasionally additional small tubers may form.

Propagation

Orchid seed is very fine and struggles to support the embryo on germination. The plant depends on a symbiotic relationship with a group of fungi to feed the germinating seed. This fungus is usually present in the old compost, so spread this on your sowing surface first.